Le Champ des Possible is the idea that innovation entails being curious about everything, and broadening our field of investigation beyond conventional borders. For Art & Build Architects it is crucial to share knowledge, experiences, best practice, and innovatory ideas, so as to create the conditions for progress and leave a better inheritance for future generations. In the course of this new conference, which was held on 22 May 2019 as part of the We are Real Estate fair, Nils Vanhauwaert, (COO, Upgrade Estate), Kristiaan Borret (Master Builder in Brussels), Xavier Tackoen (CEO, Espaces Mobilités), Robert Winkel (CEO, MEI Architects & Planners) and Yves Weinand (Architect and civil engineer, Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), spoke about the changing of cities.
Technical sheet of this architecture video clip
Journalist : Emma C. Dessouroux
Cameramen : Emanuel Pinto / EpiProd
Editing : Emma C. Dessouroux / Emanuel Pinto / Baudry Deglimes
Direction : Emma C. Dessouroux
Production : Les Délires Productions
Translation : Straker Media
Subtitles : Les Délires Productions
Speakers : David Roulin, CEO, Art & Build Architects – Nils Vanhauwaert, COO, Upgrade Estate – Kristiaan Borret, Bouwmeester, bma.brussels – Xavier Tackoen, CEO, Espaces Mobilités – Robert Winkel, CEO MEI Architects & Planners – Yves Weinand, Ir. Architect, Professor, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
French Subtitles
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Ce qui nous intéressait ici,
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c’était de mettre en évidence
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le fait que le processus
de construction de la ville
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fait interagir un nombre
important de personnes
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dans des domaines très différents,
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c’est-à-dire qu’un projet urbanistique,
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un projet de construction,
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un projet de quartier ne se fait pas
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du fait de la pensée d’une seule personne
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mais de nombreux intervenants,
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des gens qui parlent de mobilité,
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00:00:32,320 –> 00:00:36,320
des gens qui font de l’architecture,
de l’urbanisme, des avocats,
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des gens qui gèrent
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la gouvernance du territoire,
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des opérateurs privés.
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Toutes ces personnes
interagissent entre elles
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et font qu’un projet
naît de cette interaction.
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Et c’est ça qui nous intéresse.
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C’est de montrer
cette intelligence collective
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qui naît de l’interaction
entre les individus
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et donc mettre ici 5 personnalités
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qui ont chacun dans leur domaine
une expertise
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et innovent chacun dans leur domaine,
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c’est démontrer justement
que tout ça est lié
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et que chacun n’est pas dans son coin,
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que plus on partage, plus on s’enrichit
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de ce savoir-faire, de cette connaissance
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et on élève le débat
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et on crée de la valeur ajoutée.
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Nous sommes surtout actifs
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dans le logement pour étudiants,
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nous sommes très connus
avec notre marque « Up kot »
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et nous y voyons encore
énormément de possibilités.
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L’étudiant est aussi
le futur habitant de la ville,
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et il a aussi ses souhaits
et besoins spécifiques.
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Le savoir-faire que nous apprenons de cela
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nous pouvons l’adopter
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dans de nouveaux concepts,
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par exemple « Het Upliving » est
un nouveau concept pour nous.
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C’est un concept de logement
pour les jeunes professionnels.
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Nous constatons cela avec les étudiants
qui occupent nos kots.
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Ils ont terminé leurs études,
mais quid après ?
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Ils disent qu’ils aimeraient
rester vivre en ville
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à Gand ou à Bruxelles,
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mais ils ont aussi
des demandes spécifiques,
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des souhaits spécifiques :
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continuer à cohabiter avec deux amis,
avec leur copine, en couple,
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mais ils n’ont pas envie
non plus de s’engager
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dans une location à long terme.
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Donc, comment allons-nous résoudre cela ?
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Évidemment, c’est une demande qui
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nous vient très souvent,
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et nous allons donc développer
un nouveau concept pour cela.
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Nous savons qu’il y a un marché
à explorer pour cela.
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Aujourd’hui le long du canal,
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on construit beaucoup d’immeubles.
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Moi je pense qu’aujourd’hui à Bruxelles,
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« Le champ des possibles » est déjà ouvert.
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Je pense qu’il y a beaucoup
de changements dans la ville,
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qu’il y a une bonne volonté,
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qu’il y a beaucoup de dynamique
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et, de là, je suis extrêmement optimiste.
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Je pense que Bruxelles est en train
de changer fondamentalement.
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J’ai beaucoup plus d’inquiétude
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pour ce qui entoure les villes
en matière de mobilité
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parce qu’on va avoir des villes
qui vont regagner en intérêt
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au travers de tous
les défis qu’on connaît,
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énergétique, climatique, etc.
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Et aujourd’hui on voit
qu’il y a un mécanisme
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qui est en train de se mettre en place
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et que de plus en plus de personnes
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vont dans le sens de pratiquer
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des mobilités alternatives,
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alors je vais dire qu’elles vont pratiquer
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des mobilités combinées,
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c’est-à-dire que l’on a toujours
des gens qui vont utiliser la voiture
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mais vont la combiner
avec d’autres moyens de transport
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et finalement vont s’affranchir
de la possession automobile
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parce que ce qui tue autant nos villes,
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c’est autant les véhicules en circulation
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que ceux en stationnement.
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Aujourd’hui un véhicule
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reste 95 % de son temps stationné
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et ça occupe un espace très important.
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Il est évident que pour certaines
catégories de population,
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pour certains besoins,
la voiture, en tout cas
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les déplacements motorisés
sont encore nécessaires,
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mais on voit tout le potentiel aujourd’hui
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de modes de transport traditionnels,
comme le transport public
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mais certainement le regain du vélo,
du vélo électrique
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et des nouvelles mobilités
de type voitures partagées,
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trottinettes électriques.
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On a vraiment un potentiel
très important de changer la manière
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dont nos villes sont organisées.
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Je pense que ces 10 dernières années,
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il y a eu à Bruxelles un débat
sur le développement urbain,
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et ce débat peut être relié à un nombre.
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Le nombre 10.000.
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Le nombre du futur est 2.
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10.000, c’est le nombre
de nouveaux habitants
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qui se sont ajoutés par an
ces 10 dernières années.
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La densification est
tout en haut de l’agenda.
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Nous devons trouver de la place
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pour 10.000 nouveaux habitants par an.
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Nous devons prévoir des infrastructures
pour 10.000 nouveaux habitants par an.
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Cela veut dire qu’il faut densifier.
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Le grand récit du développement urbain
des années passées
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a été la densification
de la croissance démographique.
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Je pense qu’aujourd’hui,
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un nouveau débat se présente
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et ce nouveau paradigme est le nombre 2.
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2, c’est la hausse moyenne de température
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dont nous savons qu’elle va se produire
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à cause du changement climatique.
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En ville, ce sera
même peut-être 3 à 4 degrés.
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Je pense que c’est cela
qui doit devenir le moteur
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de notre nouvelle vision
du développement urbain.
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Le « champ des possibles »,
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c’est que les villes sont
le seul territoire où c’est possible.
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Pourquoi ? Parce qu’elles sont denses,
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elles vivent de la proximité,
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elles vivent des contacts humains,
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elles vivent de la densité
et de la mixité des fonctions.
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Et tout ce qu’on a mal fait
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en matière d’urbanisation
avec le fonctionnalisme,
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le fait de mettre
des fonctions différentes
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sur des territoires
sans permettre la mixité,
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rend impossible
des mobilités alternatives.
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Donc les villes sont
« le champ des possibles »,
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elles vont aller vers ce possible
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parce qu’elles ont tous les ingrédients
pour y arriver.
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Encore faut-il maintenant
bien associer les ingrédients
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pour que cela fonctionne.
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Je pense que nous devons
voir la densification,
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par exemple à Bruxelles,
de façon plus large.
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Cela concerne la seconde couronne.
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Nous devons examiner
quelles sont, là aussi,
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les possibilités de densification,
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pour que toute cette densification
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ne se fasse pas dans les mêmes quartiers.
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Une densification maîtrisée,
voilà un bon modèle pour l’avenir.
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Je pense que la « construction circulaire »
va devenir beaucoup plus fréquente.
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Nous ne pouvons pas traiter les bâtiments
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comme des produits jetables.
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Nous allons devoir réfléchir
à comment réutiliser les bâtiments,
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comment conserver
des bâtiments plus anciens,
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comment réutiliser les matériaux,
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mais aussi comment,
dans les nouvelles constructions,
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anticiper l’adaptabilité future.
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Je pense que la construction circulaire
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est un thème très important pour le futur.
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J’aimerais montrer quelques projets
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dans lesquels il y a en fait 2 choses
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qui sont en train de changer
dans les villes.
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La première chose,
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c’est l’ancienne scission qu’on faisait
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entre le trafic domicile-travail
et l’aspect récréatif.
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C’est le schéma monofonctionnel,
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dont on se distancie de plus en plus.
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Toutes ces fonctions différentes
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sont de plus en plus mélangées.
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Dans une petite structure,
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mélanger est très important.
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Officiellement, on parle de « mixed use »,
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j’en montre 2 projets.
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L’autre aspect qui devient
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de plus en plus important
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c’est le regard monolithique
sur les bâtiments.
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Un bâtiment qui en fait
interagit peu avec son contexte
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et est uniquement fonctionnel,
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c’est aussi une chose
dont on se distancie de plus en plus.
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Maintenant, on conçoit des bâtiments
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qui ont une identité.
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Au final, on veut mélanger
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travail, logement,
aspect récréatif, trafic,
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mais aussi enseignement
dans un petit noyau.
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On veut ajouter aux bâtiments existants
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de nouveaux bâtiments
qui ont une forte identité.
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Je pense que nous devons aussi travailler
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à l’effet d’îlot thermique de la ville.
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Je pense que nous allons devoir prévoir
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plus d’espaces verts,
de la verdure disséminée,
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dans la ville dans les années à venir.
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Ce sont tous des changements
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qui ont pour but de préparer nos villes
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au changement climatique
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qui est en train de s’opérer.
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Le problème sur nos territoires,
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c’est que surtout
dans le cas de Bruxelles,
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la gouvernance institutionnelle
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crée une tension territoriale,
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une concurrence territoriale
entre 3 régions
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qui veulent chacune obtenir
un maximum de résidents, d’emplois etc…
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Et malheureusement,
ce n’est pas très compatible.
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Mais Bruxelles
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doit prendre son avenir en main
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et revaloriser la qualité
qu’elle a intrinsèquement
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en tant que ville métropole,
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que ville mondiale.
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Le Brabant wallon
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est en train de suffoquer
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sous sa propre mobilité,
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parce qu’on oublie que la plupart
des gens qui habitent ces territoires
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ne viennent plus à Bruxelles,
ils travaillent dans le Brabant wallon
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ou ils travaillent du Brabant wallon
vers le Brabant flamand
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mais on dit qu’ils rejoignent Bruxelles.
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C’est faux.
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Ils rejoignent le ring de Bruxelles
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qui est en quelque sorte
le ring de Belgique
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et donc ils participent
à cette immobilité métropolitaine
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qui suffoque, mais globalement, Bruxelles,
212
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et peu de gens le savent en fait,
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il y a moins
de voitures en circulation
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00:08:51,760 –> 00:08:53,840
à Bruxelles aujourd’hui
qu’il y a 10 ou 20 ans.
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00:08:54,200 –> 00:08:56,000
Mais il y a plus de congestion
216
00:08:56,080 –> 00:08:59,400
parce qu’on a fait aussi un choix
de rééquilibrer l’espace public
217
00:08:59,480 –> 00:09:02,000
et de donner plus de place
aux transports publics, aux vélos,
218
00:09:02,080 –> 00:09:03,640
qui font que les choses ont changé,
219
00:09:03,720 –> 00:09:05,200
donc inévitablement
220
00:09:05,280 –> 00:09:06,400
dans le Brabant wallon,
221
00:09:06,480 –> 00:09:08,880
le Brabant flamand,
les choses vont se détériorer.
222
00:09:08,960 –> 00:09:11,840
Les gens peuvent continuer,
peuvent faire le choix de s’y implanter,
223
00:09:11,920 –> 00:09:14,080
les entreprises, les citoyens
de s’implanter là-bas
224
00:09:14,160 –> 00:09:15,120
mais en connaissance de cause.
225
00:09:15,200 –> 00:09:17,480
Les choses ne vont faire
que fortement se dégrader
226
00:09:17,560 –> 00:09:18,760
et l’accessibilité des villes
227
00:09:18,840 –> 00:09:20,840
devra se faire autrement qu’en voiture
228
00:09:20,920 –> 00:09:22,840
parce que les villes vont
avoir besoin de se protéger.
229
00:09:23,600 –> 00:09:26,200
Je crois que l’on doit
se soucier de l’origine
230
00:09:26,280 –> 00:09:28,560
des matériaux de construction
qu’on utilise,
231
00:09:28,640 –> 00:09:32,080
c’est-à-dire de l’énergie
qui est en fait utilisée
232
00:09:32,160 –> 00:09:33,840
pour les produire ou pas,
233
00:09:33,920 –> 00:09:36,800
de l’empreinte carbone sur notre planète
234
00:09:36,880 –> 00:09:39,120
et, comme c’est déjà le cas
dans l’alimentaire,
235
00:09:39,200 –> 00:09:41,680
il faut orienter les architectes
236
00:09:41,760 –> 00:09:43,920
vers une utilisation consciente
237
00:09:44,000 –> 00:09:45,560
de matériaux durables.
238
00:09:45,640 –> 00:09:47,400
Donc à ce titre-là,
239
00:09:47,480 –> 00:09:50,280
le bois est un matériau renouvelable
240
00:09:50,360 –> 00:09:53,840
et c’est quelque chose qui peut intéresser
nos villes dans le futur
241
00:09:53,920 –> 00:09:55,880
puisque lorsqu’on construit en bois,
242
00:09:55,960 –> 00:09:57,880
on ne doit pas forcément le montrer.
243
00:09:57,960 –> 00:10:01,080
Je pense qu’une structure
portante d’un immeuble
244
00:10:01,160 –> 00:10:03,440
ou même d’un bâtiment en hauteur,
245
00:10:03,520 –> 00:10:04,440
peut être en bois
246
00:10:04,520 –> 00:10:06,440
sans que forcément la façade
247
00:10:06,520 –> 00:10:07,680
de ce bâtiment
248
00:10:07,760 –> 00:10:10,200
soit une façade en bois visible, etc.
249
00:10:10,280 –> 00:10:12,640
Donc ici on veut vraiment accroître
250
00:10:12,720 –> 00:10:14,200
la quantité de bois utilisée
251
00:10:14,280 –> 00:10:15,760
dans la construction
252
00:10:15,840 –> 00:10:16,920
afin d’augmenter
253
00:10:17,000 –> 00:10:18,760
l’utilisation de la biomasse
254
00:10:18,840 –> 00:10:19,720
et ne laisser
255
00:10:19,800 –> 00:10:21,120
après la vie de ce bâtiment,
256
00:10:21,200 –> 00:10:23,040
parce qu’on doit penser aussi
257
00:10:23,120 –> 00:10:25,920
après l’usage du bâtiment
ce qu’il en advient,
258
00:10:26,000 –> 00:10:28,600
de ne pas, avoir une trace négative
259
00:10:28,680 –> 00:10:30,720
au niveau de l’environnement
260
00:10:30,800 –> 00:10:32,160
ou par rapport à la planète.
261
00:10:32,240 –> 00:10:33,640
Avec Yves Weinand,
262
00:10:33,720 –> 00:10:35,360
on a étudié un projet assez ambitieux
263
00:10:35,440 –> 00:10:36,680
pour la ville de Liège :
264
00:10:36,760 –> 00:10:39,640
la nouvelle « Halle des Foires »
de Coronmeuse.
265
00:10:41,080 –> 00:10:43,520
C’est un concours qu’on n’a pas gagné
266
00:10:43,600 –> 00:10:45,720
mais ça nous a permis de faire
267
00:10:45,800 –> 00:10:48,040
une étude un peu poussée
268
00:10:48,120 –> 00:10:51,360
sur l’application de ces recherches
269
00:10:51,440 –> 00:10:53,880
à l’université, dans la construction,
270
00:10:53,960 –> 00:10:56,680
pour un projet qui aurait pu marquer
271
00:10:56,760 –> 00:10:59,280
le devenir de la ville de Liège
272
00:10:59,360 –> 00:11:02,200
dans une nouvelle dynamique,
une nouvelle industrie
273
00:11:02,520 –> 00:11:04,760
qui remplace l’industrie traditionnelle
274
00:11:05,360 –> 00:11:06,840
de la métallurgie.
275
00:11:06,920 –> 00:11:09,960
Ici, nous scannons des arbres sur pied,
276
00:11:10,200 –> 00:11:13,080
nous connaissons le descriptif précis
277
00:11:13,160 –> 00:11:15,240
de la forme naturelle de cet arbre
278
00:11:15,320 –> 00:11:17,440
et nous arrivons à lier cette forme
279
00:11:17,520 –> 00:11:20,680
à l’emplacement définitif d’une pièce
280
00:11:20,760 –> 00:11:23,000
dans une construction architecturale.
281
00:11:23,280 –> 00:11:25,240
Donc nous avons proposé
282
00:11:25,320 –> 00:11:27,320
un bâtiment à grande échelle
283
00:11:27,400 –> 00:11:30,640
où nous conservons tous les éléments
284
00:11:30,720 –> 00:11:32,320
tels qu’ils existent dans la nature
285
00:11:32,400 –> 00:11:33,640
pour les introduire
286
00:11:33,720 –> 00:11:35,080
dans des éléments porteurs
287
00:11:35,160 –> 00:11:36,920
comme par exemple une poutre treillis
288
00:11:37,000 –> 00:11:39,000
ou des colonnes post assemblées.
289
00:11:39,760 –> 00:11:42,360
Et là, on arrive à faire chuter le prix,
290
00:11:42,440 –> 00:11:45,040
par exemple uniquement
pour une structure portante,
291
00:11:45,120 –> 00:11:46,600
au quart du prix normal.
292
00:11:46,680 –> 00:11:48,680
C’est quelque chose de très intéressant
293
00:11:48,760 –> 00:11:50,040
d’avoir 1 mètre cube de bois
294
00:11:50,120 –> 00:11:51,880
aux alentours de 130 €
295
00:11:51,960 –> 00:11:56,080
plutôt que du bois laminé-collé
aux alentours de 1.500 € par mètre cube.
296
00:11:56,160 –> 00:11:59,680
Selon moi, les opportunités
pour l’architecture
297
00:11:59,760 –> 00:12:02,120
se situent dans l’apport
de valeurs ajoutées,
298
00:12:02,200 –> 00:12:05,960
pas dans l’exercice pur
du métier d’architecte
299
00:12:06,040 –> 00:12:08,240
mais voir plus loin
que la discipline en soi.
300
00:12:08,320 –> 00:12:10,080
Cela veut dire qu’il faut
aussi être intéressé
301
00:12:10,160 –> 00:12:13,960
par le développement de bâtiments,
302
00:12:14,040 –> 00:12:16,360
les financements, l’utilisation,
303
00:12:16,440 –> 00:12:18,640
le futur, et, très important :
304
00:12:18,720 –> 00:12:23,720
comment les bâtiments seront flexibles
dans le futur,
305
00:12:24,720 –> 00:12:26,680
et, très important aussi, la connaissance.
306
00:12:26,760 –> 00:12:28,240
Connaissance des réglementations,
307
00:12:28,960 –> 00:12:32,200
connaissance des lois qui vont changer.
308
00:12:32,280 –> 00:12:35,280
Ces 3 choses, le futur, la flexibilité,
309
00:12:36,320 –> 00:12:38,200
le fait de voir plus loin que le bâtiment,
310
00:12:38,280 –> 00:12:40,720
regarder aussi ce qui se passe
à l’avant du processus,
311
00:12:40,800 –> 00:12:42,680
et en même temps avoir
beaucoup de connaissances,
312
00:12:42,760 –> 00:12:44,480
je pense que ce sont
les choses les plus importantes
313
00:12:44,560 –> 00:12:48,440
pour l’architecture en général.
English Subtitles
1
00:00:06,400 –> 00:00:08,680
What interested us here
2
00:00:08,760 –> 00:00:11,280
was to cast some light on the fact
3
00:00:11,360 –> 00:00:14,160
that the process of constructing a city
4
00:00:14,240 –> 00:00:17,840
results in a significant
number of people interacting
5
00:00:18,120 –> 00:00:19,520
in very different fields,
6
00:00:19,960 –> 00:00:22,640
which means that an urban project,
7
00:00:22,720 –> 00:00:23,840
a construction project,
8
00:00:23,920 –> 00:00:26,400
a neighbourhood project, doesn’t get done
9
00:00:26,480 –> 00:00:28,520
as the result of one person’s thinking
10
00:00:28,880 –> 00:00:30,440
but by that of numerous stakeholders,
11
00:00:30,520 –> 00:00:32,000
by the people who talk about mobility,
12
00:00:32,240 –> 00:00:36,240
by the people who do the architecture,
by urban planners, lawyers,
13
00:00:37,120 –> 00:00:39,000
by the people who manage
14
00:00:39,080 –> 00:00:41,960
the administration of the area,
15
00:00:42,680 –> 00:00:44,360
by the private operators.
16
00:00:44,440 –> 00:00:46,360
All of these people
interact with each other
17
00:00:46,440 –> 00:00:49,520
and from this interaction
a project is born.
18
00:00:49,600 –> 00:00:50,760
And that is what interests us.
19
00:00:50,840 –> 00:00:53,160
We wish to show
this collective intelligence
20
00:00:53,240 –> 00:00:55,600
that is created by the interaction
between individuals
21
00:00:55,680 –> 00:00:59,560
and to show here 5 different personalities
22
00:00:59,640 –> 00:01:03,000
who each in their own fields
possess expertise
23
00:01:03,080 –> 00:01:05,000
and who each innovate in their own fields.
24
00:01:05,240 –> 00:01:06,360
This is about demonstrating
25
00:01:06,440 –> 00:01:09,480
that all this is connected
26
00:01:09,560 –> 00:01:11,240
and that nobody stays in his corner,
27
00:01:11,320 –> 00:01:12,640
that the more we share,
28
00:01:12,720 –> 00:01:14,840
the more we are enriched by this know-how,
29
00:01:14,920 –> 00:01:16,240
by this knowledge
30
00:01:16,440 –> 00:01:18,120
and we raise the level of debate
31
00:01:18,200 –> 00:01:19,880
and we create added value.
32
00:01:21,760 –> 00:01:23,080
We are mostly active
33
00:01:23,160 –> 00:01:24,600
in student accommodation housing,
34
00:01:24,680 –> 00:01:27,320
we’re well known for our « Up kot » brand
35
00:01:27,960 –> 00:01:31,800
and we can still see
huge possibilities with it.
36
00:01:32,000 –> 00:01:35,280
The student is also the future
37
00:01:35,360 –> 00:01:37,080
inhabitant of the city,
38
00:01:37,320 –> 00:01:40,240
and he also has his own wishes
and specific needs.
39
00:01:40,880 –> 00:01:42,440
The know-how we learn from this
40
00:01:42,720 –> 00:01:45,800
we can apply in new concepts
41
00:01:45,960 –> 00:01:48,160
for example « UpHet living »
is a new concept for us.
42
00:01:48,240 –> 00:01:50,680
It’s a living concept
for young professionals.
43
00:01:50,760 –> 00:01:52,480
We’ve noticed this with the students
44
00:01:52,640 –> 00:01:54,160
living in our student flats.
45
00:01:54,240 –> 00:01:55,800
They’ve finished their studies,
46
00:01:55,880 –> 00:01:56,720
so what now?
47
00:01:57,040 –> 00:01:58,200
They say they’d like to stay
48
00:01:58,280 –> 00:01:59,120
on living in the city
49
00:01:59,200 –> 00:02:00,480
in Ghent or in Brussels,
50
00:02:00,920 –> 00:02:01,760
but they’ve also got
51
00:02:01,840 –> 00:02:03,000
some specific requirements,
52
00:02:03,080 –> 00:02:04,600
some specific wishes:
53
00:02:04,680 –> 00:02:08,440
keep on cohabiting with two friends,
with their girlfriend, as a couple,
54
00:02:08,520 –> 00:02:11,160
though they don’t want to commit
to a long-term lease.
55
00:02:11,240 –> 00:02:12,720
So, how are we going to resolve that?
56
00:02:12,800 –> 00:02:14,400
It’s a request of course,
57
00:02:14,480 –> 00:02:15,840
that often comes our way,
58
00:02:15,920 –> 00:02:18,440
and so we’re going to develop
a new concept for that.
59
00:02:18,520 –> 00:02:19,760
We know that there’s a market
60
00:02:19,840 –> 00:02:22,000
to be explored for that.
61
00:02:22,560 –> 00:02:24,800
These days, all along the canal,
62
00:02:25,800 –> 00:02:28,040
they’re constructing a lot of buildings.
63
00:02:28,320 –> 00:02:30,240
I actually think
that in Brussels these days
64
00:02:30,320 –> 00:02:32,640
the « Field of Possibilities »
has already opened up.
65
00:02:32,720 –> 00:02:34,880
I think that there have been a lot
of changes in the city,
66
00:02:34,960 –> 00:02:36,520
that there is real determination,
67
00:02:36,600 –> 00:02:37,920
that there is a lot of dynamism,
68
00:02:38,000 –> 00:02:39,360
and with all that
69
00:02:39,440 –> 00:02:41,720
I am extremely optimistic.
70
00:02:41,800 –> 00:02:44,480
I think that Brussels is going through
fundamental change.
71
00:02:44,560 –> 00:02:46,160
I am much more worried
72
00:02:46,240 –> 00:02:48,840
about the areas surrounding the cities
on the issue of mobility
73
00:02:48,920 –> 00:02:51,640
because we’re going to have cities
that will regain interest
74
00:02:51,720 –> 00:02:53,600
from all the known challenges,
75
00:02:53,680 –> 00:02:55,680
energy, climate etc.
76
00:02:55,960 –> 00:02:57,960
And we can see these days
that there is a mechanism
77
00:02:58,040 –> 00:02:59,120
that’s being put in place
78
00:02:59,200 –> 00:03:00,880
and that more and more people
79
00:03:00,960 –> 00:03:03,000
are moving in the direction of using
80
00:03:03,080 –> 00:03:04,160
alternative transport.
81
00:03:04,240 –> 00:03:06,000
So I’m saying that
they’re going to make use
82
00:03:06,080 –> 00:03:08,280
of mixed mobility, meaning
that there’ll always be people
83
00:03:08,360 –> 00:03:10,480
who are going to use a car
84
00:03:10,560 –> 00:03:11,520
but who will combine it
85
00:03:11,600 –> 00:03:13,160
with other means of transport
86
00:03:13,240 –> 00:03:15,880
and who will end up freeing themselves
from car ownership
87
00:03:15,960 –> 00:03:18,040
because what is killing
so many of our cities,
88
00:03:18,120 –> 00:03:21,480
it’s as much the vehicles moving around
as those that are parked.
89
00:03:21,560 –> 00:03:23,040
A vehicle is currently parked
90
00:03:23,120 –> 00:03:25,080
95% of the time
91
00:03:25,160 –> 00:03:27,080
and that uses up a very important space.
92
00:03:27,360 –> 00:03:29,920
Clearly,
for certain population categories,
93
00:03:30,000 –> 00:03:31,000
for certain needs,
94
00:03:31,080 –> 00:03:33,440
the car, or motorised movements anyway,
95
00:03:33,520 –> 00:03:34,600
are still necessary,
96
00:03:34,680 –> 00:03:36,120
but now we can see all the potential
97
00:03:36,520 –> 00:03:39,360
of traditional forms of transport,
98
00:03:39,440 –> 00:03:41,840
such as public transport and certainly
the comeback of the bicycle,
99
00:03:41,920 –> 00:03:43,680
the electric bicycle
and new forms of mobility
100
00:03:43,760 –> 00:03:45,120
such as car-sharing,
101
00:03:45,200 –> 00:03:46,280
electric scooters.
102
00:03:46,360 –> 00:03:47,360
There is really huge
103
00:03:47,440 –> 00:03:48,840
potential for us to change the way
104
00:03:48,920 –> 00:03:50,480
our cities are organised.
105
00:03:52,160 –> 00:03:57,160
I think that in these past ten years,
106
00:03:57,240 –> 00:03:59,520
there’s been a debate in Brussels
107
00:03:59,600 –> 00:04:01,280
about urban development,
108
00:04:01,360 –> 00:04:04,600
and this debate is linked to a number.
109
00:04:04,680 –> 00:04:06,320
The number 10,000.
110
00:04:06,800 –> 00:04:08,920
The number of the future is 2.
111
00:04:09,720 –> 00:04:15,160
10,000, that’s
the number of new inhabitants
112
00:04:15,240 –> 00:04:17,880
who’ve been added in each
of the past ten years.
113
00:04:17,960 –> 00:04:19,240
Densification is at the top
114
00:04:19,320 –> 00:04:20,200
of the agenda.
115
00:04:20,280 –> 00:04:21,720
We have to find the room
116
00:04:21,800 –> 00:04:23,880
for 10,000 new inhabitants every year.
117
00:04:23,960 –> 00:04:25,240
We have to plan the infrastructure
118
00:04:25,320 –> 00:04:26,880
for 10,000 new inhabitants every year.
119
00:04:26,960 –> 00:04:28,840
That means that you have to densify.
120
00:04:29,120 –> 00:04:32,240
The great achievement
of urban development in past years
121
00:04:32,320 –> 00:04:35,040
has been the densification
of demographic growth.
122
00:04:35,960 –> 00:04:40,040
I think today
that a new debate is emerging
123
00:04:40,200 –> 00:04:43,640
and this new paradigm is the number 2.
124
00:04:44,640 –> 00:04:48,680
2 is the average rise in temperature
125
00:04:48,760 –> 00:04:52,440
which we know is going to occur
due to climate change.
126
00:04:52,520 –> 00:04:55,120
In cities this might even be
3 or 4 degrees.
127
00:04:55,560 –> 00:04:58,320
I think this is
what should become the driver
128
00:04:58,400 –> 00:05:00,600
of our new vision of urban development.
129
00:05:03,000 –> 00:05:05,560
The Field of Possibilities is about cities
130
00:05:05,640 –> 00:05:08,240
being the only places
where this is possible.
131
00:05:08,320 –> 00:05:10,000
Why? Because they are dense,
132
00:05:10,080 –> 00:05:12,360
they live of closeness,
133
00:05:12,440 –> 00:05:13,720
they live of human contact,
134
00:05:13,800 –> 00:05:15,080
they live of density
135
00:05:15,160 –> 00:05:16,880
and functional diversity.
136
00:05:16,960 –> 00:05:18,920
And everything we’ve done wrong
137
00:05:19,000 –> 00:05:20,160
in terms of urbanisation
138
00:05:20,240 –> 00:05:21,880
with functionalism,
139
00:05:21,960 –> 00:05:25,880
the act of putting different functions
into areas without allowing for diversity,
140
00:05:25,960 –> 00:05:27,960
makes alternative forms
of transport impossible.
141
00:05:28,040 –> 00:05:29,880
So the cities are fields of possibilities,
142
00:05:29,960 –> 00:05:31,760
they’re going to move
towards this possible
143
00:05:31,840 –> 00:05:34,040
because they have all the ingredients
for getting there.
144
00:05:34,120 –> 00:05:36,840
You still have to mix
the ingredients right for it to work.
145
00:05:36,920 –> 00:05:38,680
I think that we should
look at densification,
146
00:05:38,760 –> 00:05:41,320
for example in Brussels, more broadly.
147
00:05:41,520 –> 00:05:42,760
This is about the outer suburbs.
148
00:05:42,840 –> 00:05:44,520
We should examine, here too,
149
00:05:44,600 –> 00:05:46,920
what the possibilities
for densification are,
150
00:05:47,000 –> 00:05:51,160
so that all this densification
doesn’t take place in the same areas.
151
00:05:52,000 –> 00:05:54,360
Harnessed densification,
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that’s a good model for the future.
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I think that « circular construction »
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will become much more common.
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We can’t treat buildings
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like disposable products.
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We’re going to have to think
about how to reuse buildings,
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how to preserve older buildings,
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how to re-use the materials,
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but also how, in new builds,
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to plan for future adaptability.
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I think that circular construction
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is a very important theme for the future.
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I would like to show a few projects
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in which there are in fact two things
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that are changing in the cities.
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The first thing is the old division
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between home to work
and recreational traffic.
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This is a mono-functional scheme,
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that we’re moving more and more away from.
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All these functions are being more
and more mixed together.
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And it is very important to mix
in a small structure.
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Officially, it’s known as « mixed use »,
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I’m showing two projects on it.
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The other aspect that’s becoming
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more and more important
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is the monolithic look on buildings,
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a building that in fact hardly
interacts at all with its environment
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and is solely functional.
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This is also something
that we’re moving away from.
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Now, we’re designing buildings
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that have an identity.
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Finally, we want to mix together
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work, housing,
recreational elements, traffic,
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as well as education
in a small structure.
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We want to add to existing buildings
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new buildings that have a strong identity.
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I think that we should also work
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on the « urban heat island » effect
of the city.
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I think that we’re going
to have to provide
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more green spaces, dispersed greenery,
in the city in the coming years.
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These are all changes
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that are intended to prepare our cities
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for the climate change that is happening.
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The problem in our regions,
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this is especially the case in Brussels,
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is that institutional governance
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creates territorial tension,
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territorial competition
between three regions
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who each want to obtain the maximum
number of residents, jobs, etc.,
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and unfortunately,
this is not very compatible.
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But Brussels must take
its future into its hands
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and enhance its intrinsic quality
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as a metropolitan city,
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as a global city.
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Walloon Brabant is suffocating
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from its own mobility,
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because we forget that most of the people
who live in these areas
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no longer come to Brussels,
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they work in Walloon Brabant
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or they work from Walloon Brabant
going towards Flemish Brabant
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but it’s said they connect with Brussels.
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That’s not true.
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They connect with the Brussels Ring
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which is kind of the ring of Belgium
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and so they contribute
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to this metropolitan immobility
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that is suffocating,
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just about everywhere, Brussels,
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and not many people know it,
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but in fact there are fewer
cars in circulation
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in Brussels today
than there were 10 or 20 years ago.
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But there is more congestion
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because we also made a choice
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to rebalance the public space
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and make more room
for public transport, cycles,
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which have made things change,
so inevitably
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00:09:05,200 –> 00:09:07,320
in Walloon Brabant, in Flemish Brabant,
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things are going to get worse.
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People can carry on,
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can carry on choosing to relocate there,
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businesses, citizens relocating there
but in full knowledge of the facts.
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Things are only going
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to get much worse
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and access to the cities
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will have to be other than by car
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because the cities are going
to need to be protected.
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00:09:23,520 –> 00:09:26,120
I think we should be concerned
about the source
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of the construction materials we use,
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meaning about the energy that is used
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to produce them or not,
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about the carbon footprint on our planet
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and, as is already the case with food,
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architects should be steered
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towards the conscious use
of sustainable materials.
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So on this basis,
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wood is a renewable material
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and is something that could be of interest
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to our cities in the future
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because when you construct in wood,
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you don’t necessarily have to show it.
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I think that
a building’s supporting structure
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or even a high building,
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00:10:03,440 –> 00:10:07,600
can be done in wood
without the façade of this building
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looking visibly made of wood, etc.
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00:10:10,200 –> 00:10:12,560
So here we really want to increase
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the amount of wood used in construction
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so as to increase usage of the biomass
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and to leave,
after the life of this building,
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because we must also think about
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what happens
after the building has been used,
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not a negative trace,
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00:10:28,600 –> 00:10:32,160
neither at the environmental
nor the planetary level.
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00:10:32,240 –> 00:10:35,280
With Yves Weinand, we developed
a quite ambitious project
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00:10:35,360 –> 00:10:36,600
for the city of Liège:
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the new « Halle des Foires » in Coronmeuse.
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00:10:41,000 –> 00:10:43,440
That was a competition we didn’t win
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00:10:43,520 –> 00:10:45,640
but it did enable us to carry out
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a quite extensive study
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00:10:48,040 –> 00:10:51,280
on the application of this research
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00:10:51,360 –> 00:10:53,800
at the University to construction,
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00:10:53,880 –> 00:10:56,600
for a project
that could have characterised
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00:10:56,680 –> 00:10:59,200
the future of the City of Liège
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in a new dynamic, new industry
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00:11:02,440 –> 00:11:06,840
that replaces traditional
metallurgical industry.
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00:11:06,920 –> 00:11:09,880
Here, we’re scanning real trees,
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00:11:10,120 –> 00:11:12,760
we know the precise description
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00:11:12,840 –> 00:11:15,160
of the natural form of this tree
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00:11:15,240 –> 00:11:17,360
and we manage to connect this form
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00:11:17,440 –> 00:11:20,600
to the eventual placing of a piece
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00:11:20,680 –> 00:11:22,920
in an architectural construction.
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00:11:23,200 –> 00:11:27,320
So we proposed a large-scale building
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00:11:27,400 –> 00:11:30,560
in which we preserve all the elements
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00:11:30,640 –> 00:11:32,320
such as they exist in nature
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00:11:32,400 –> 00:11:35,000
to insert them as load-bearing elements
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00:11:35,080 –> 00:11:36,840
like for example a lattice beam
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00:11:36,920 –> 00:11:39,000
or post-assembled pillars.
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00:11:39,680 –> 00:11:42,280
And with that, we manage to drop the price
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00:11:42,360 –> 00:11:44,960
for example for just
a load-bearing structure,
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00:11:45,040 –> 00:11:46,520
to a quarter of the normal price.
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00:11:46,600 –> 00:11:48,600
It’s very attractive indeed
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00:11:48,680 –> 00:11:49,960
to get a one cubic metre of wood
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00:11:50,040 –> 00:11:51,800
for around €130
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00:11:51,880 –> 00:11:53,240
compared with glued plywood
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00:11:53,320 –> 00:11:56,080
at around €1,500 per cubic metre.
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00:11:56,160 –> 00:11:59,600
For me, the opportunities for architecture
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00:11:59,680 –> 00:12:02,040
can be found in creating added value,
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00:12:02,120 –> 00:12:05,880
not in the pure exercise
of the architectural profession
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00:12:05,960 –> 00:12:08,160
but in looking further
than the actual discipline.
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00:12:08,240 –> 00:12:10,000
This means that you also have
to be interested
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00:12:10,080 –> 00:12:13,880
in the development of buildings,
302
00:12:13,960 –> 00:12:16,280
the financing, the usage,
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00:12:16,360 –> 00:12:18,560
the future, and very importantly,
304
00:12:18,640 –> 00:12:23,640
how flexible the buildings
will be in the future,
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00:12:24,840 –> 00:12:26,600
and, also very important, knowledge.
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00:12:26,680 –> 00:12:28,240
Knowledge of the regulations,
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00:12:28,880 –> 00:12:30,400
knowledge of the laws
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00:12:30,480 –> 00:12:32,120
that are going to change.
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These 3 things, the future, flexibility,
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00:12:36,240 –> 00:12:38,320
the fact of looking further
than the building,
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and also at what happens
before the process begins,
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00:12:40,720 –> 00:12:42,440
and at the same time having
a lot of knowledge,
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00:12:42,520 –> 00:12:44,320
I think that these are
the most important things
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for architecture in general.
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